Role of complex II in regulating ROS production by respiratory chain

Title: High rates of superoxide production in skeletal-muscle mitochondria respiring on both complex I- and complex II-linked substrates
Muller FL, Liu YH, Abdul-Ghani MA, et al.
Source: BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL Volume: 409 Pages: 491-499 Part: Part 2 Published: JAN 15 2008

Methods paper-

Methods Mol Biol. 2008;432:65-81.

Preparation of Respiratory Chain Complexes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae Wild-Type and Mutant Mitochondria : Activity Measurement and Subunit Composition Analysis.

Lemaire C, Dujardin G.

CNRS, Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, Gif sur Yvette, France.

Complex II andthe Hypoxic Response

Robert D. Guzy, Bhumika Sharma, Eric Bell, Navdeep S. Chandel, and Paul T. Schumacker

Loss of the SdhB, but Not the SdhA, Subunit of Complex II Triggers Reactive Oxygen Species-Dependent Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Activation and Tumorigenesis

Molecular and Cellular Biology, January 2008, p. 718-731, Vol. 28, No. 2

Question about signal cleavage site of SDHA flavoprotein:

N-term sequencing of bovine FP gave SAKVSDA :
Birch-Machin, M. A., Farnsworth, L., Ackrell, B. A., Cochran, B., Jackson, S.,Bindoff, L. A., Aitken, A., Diamond, A. G. & Turnbull, D. M. (1992). The sequence of the flavoprotein subunit of bovine heart succinate dehydrogenase.
J Biol Chem 267, 11553-8.

However for the porcine FP the N-term sequence is SSAKV:
Huo, X., Su, D., Wang, A., Zhai, Y., Xu, J., Li, X., Bartlam, M., Sun, F.
& Rao, Z. (2007). Preliminary molecular characterization and crystallization of mitochondrial respiratory complex II from porcine heart. Febs J 274, 1524-9.

(The latter cutting point was confirmed for human FP by mass spec,
but I don't remember the reference.)

Recent Article - also on dispensibility of heme

Oyedotun KS, Sit CS, Lemire BD. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae succinate dehydrogenase does not require heme for ubiquinone reduction.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007 Dec;1767(12):1436-45.
Epub 2007 Sep 29.

Heme not required for Complex II function, important for stability

Tran QM, Rothery RA, Maklashina E, Cecchini G, Weiner JH.
Escherichia coli succinate dehydrogenase variant lacking the heme b.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Nov 7; [Epub ahead of print]

Glutathionylation of CII flavoprotein reduces ROS production, lost in ischemia/reperfusion injury

Yeong-Renn Chen, Chwen-Lih Chen, Douglas R Pfeiffer, and Jay L. Zweier
Mitochondrial complex II in post-ischemic heart: Oxidative injury and the role of protein S-glutathionylation
J. Biol. Chem, 10.1074/jbc.M702294200
(Complex II was glutathionylated at C90 which is C46 in the mature sequence, 10 residues from the FAD covalent attachment site and spatially near the surface and near the adenine end of FAD. )